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Archibald 'Archie' Mncedisi Sibeko
Archibald 'Archie' Mncedisi Sibeko (born 3 March 1928)〔Sibeko, Archie (1996). Freedom in our Lifetime. Indicator Press,Durban.〕 is a former freedom fighter, trade unionist and political leader. Born in the heart of the Eastern Cape, Archie grew up in a traditional Xhosa environment.〔Sibeko, Archie with Leeson, Joyce (2015). Growing up in a Xhosa Village- through the eyes of a boy. Iqula Publishers, East London ISBN 978-0-620-66331-1〕 He obtained a diploma in Agriculture and soon after graduation he went to Cape Town to find employment, so that he could provide an income for his young family. While in Cape Town, he crossed paths with political activist and trade unionist (Oscar Mpetha ), who mentored and guided him into his first steps as a Trade Union activist. Also, Archie became an active member of both the African National Congress (ANC) and the South African Communist Party(SACP). His political activities started in the 1950s and continued right through the subsequent years until the demise of the (apartheid regime ). He worked alongside political leaders such as Ray Alexander Simons, Elizabeth 'Nanna' Abrahams, Elizabeth Mafekeng and the late Chris Hani. In 1961, Archie was arrested with Chris Hani, due to their involvement in (Umkontho we Sizwe ) (MK) which was established as the armed wing of the ANC.〔Sibeko, Archie (2008). (), Archie Sibeko's Roll of Honour Western Cape ANC 1953-1963. University of Western Cape in association with Diana Ferrus Publishers. ISBN 978-0-620-40512-6.〕 Archie fled to exile to neighbouring Tanzania, where he became a Commander at MK's first camp. Later on Archie was deployed to Western Europe, where he helped organise the international trade union movement in support of the struggle against apartheid. In 1990, after more than two decades in exile, Archie was able to return to South Africa where he worked as Deputy Chairman of the ANC in the Western Cape and Honorary President of his union, South African Railway and Harbour Workers Union. Because of pressure of work, he suffered a stroke in 1992 and was advised to retire from active politics. Reluctantly he agreed and relocated to the United Kingdom (UK), where he still resides with his second wife Dr. Joyce Leeson. He continues to take a close interest in South Africa. He returned to be a monitor in the 1994 elections and has continued involvement in some of the trade unions he worked with in exile. He was Founding President and is still a committee member of the (Tyume Valley Schools organisation ), a charity that resources education in his home region. He has written 4 books documenting his life and aspects of the struggle against apartheid.
Archie Sibeko also used the names Zola Zembe and Zola Ntambo.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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